Oil burning apparatus



Feb. 27, 1934. wI P, SCFHENCK Er AL. 1,949,260

OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 15, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I L J l NVENTORSZ' BY /Mwme ATTORNE Feb. 27, l1934. w P. scHEr-CK Er AL OIL BURNING APPARATUS -Filed Dec. l5, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS.

A TTORNE YS.

Patented Feb. 27, 1934 'Y UNITED STATES PATENT orifice om BURNING ABPARATUS William P. Schenck and Joseph Mazzoli, Stamford, Conn., assignors to Petroleum Heat and `lower Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application` December 15, 1931 Serial No. 581,106

11 Claims. (Cl. 158-4) This invention relates to an improvement in is that with a burner igniting automatically the oil burning apparatus and is particularly directflame often snuffs out when the burner is started 't0 the DI'OViSiOn Of an improved combustion ed with the refractory and boiler surfaces cold.

chamber for liquid fuel burners of the vertical The present invention, as above noted, provides rotating type, that is, burners of the type ema specially constructed combustion chamber 60 ulOying a retatable head TOtatiIlg in a hOliZOnwhich functions in such a manner that the detal plane, the head projecting into the combussired results are obtained without draft throttion chamber and projecting a combustible mixtling.

ture continuously outwardly by centrifugal force In the drawings: il@ toward or against the refractory surface of the Fig. 1 is a sectional elevational View through 86 combustion chamber. the combustion chamber and burner of an em- One of the objects of our invention is the probodiment of our invention;

vision of a combustion chamber which is so con- Fig. 2 is a plan view of Fig. 1; and

structed and arranged that the speed or rate of Fig. 3 is a View in perspective of a part of the combustion is retarded and the formation o f soot refractory shown in Figs. 1 and 2. 70

and smoke by reason of partial combustion sub- Referring to the drawings in detail, the comstantially eliminated. bustion chamber embodying our invention is Mere Speieally Oui invention DI'OVideS a 00ndesignated 1, while 2 designates a burner of the struction in which the action of the burner is vertical type, that is, a burner of the type emilnpl'OVed by S0 Constructing the WallS Of the 00mploying a rotatable cup 3 rotated in a horizontal (5 bastion chamber that a portion of the sesos of plane, the liquid fuel (oil and air) supp1ied to Combustion iS deflected upwardly and inwardly this cup being thrown outwardly therefrom by tOWard the fuel mixture being thlOWn outwardly centrifugal force toward the walls of the comby the burner head, these gases being picked up bustion chamber 1. Y by this fuel mixture and as these gases of com- It is customary in such burners to provide for 80 bustion are to' a large extent inert gases they supplying air to the interior of the rotating cup have the eect of reducing the ease with which and to the exterior of the cup as well; the cup the combustible constituents of the fuel unite of our burner is open at the bottom as shown at with the Oxygen 0f the air Supply, thereby re- 4 to admit air to the interior of the cup while ducing the Speed 01 rate 0f Combustion and plO- about the lower part of the cup are louvers 5 85 ducing a flame Which iS blue in COlOr and n for introduction of air into the liquid fuel which which combustion noises are considerably lessis thrown outwardly by the cup 3, the air and ened. liquid fuel, as will be understood, providing a Such a construction imparts a further advan- Combustible mixture, tage to liquid fuel lmrning apparatus in that 6 designates arc-shaped sections of refractory 90 formation of soot or carbonu'n the flame or their laid end to end and providing a lining along the deposit on the refractory are practically eiimibottom and for a short distance up at the sides hated. of the combustion chamber. The inner face of Attempts have been made DiOl t0 0111 inVenl each of these sections, that is, the face nearest 40 tion to improve the operation of liquid fuel burnthe burner is slightly concaved and inclined out- 95 ers by throttling the drafts on the boiler or furwardly and upwardly as shown at 7 to provide nace S0 that the rising Wall 0f Combustion gases an annular deflecting surface in the path of the is held in the fire chamber or combustion chamair entering the combustion chamber through ber long enough t0 enable the Centrifugal action the louvers 4. The refractories 6 are also pro- 4l of the rotating head to pick up a portion of these vided with a slightly concaved outwardly and up- 100 gases and project the same outward towards the wardly inclined deiiecting surface 8 adjacent the refractory surfaces along with the fuel and air wall of the combustion chamber, this surface mixture. Such furnaces, however, are extremelying slightly above the plane of the fuel thrown ly sensitive to the slightest change in draft conoutwardly by the cup 3. Intermediate the de` 50 dltio'ns, a change in draft sometimes promoting fleeting surfaces 7 and 8 the refractories 6 are 105 the introduction of such an increased quantity provided with a gutter or groove 9. of gases into the fuel and air mixture that the 10 designates a series of arc-shaped refractory e can not longer be propagated and com-v sections laid end to end to provide a circular bustion ceases. flame spreading and gas re-circulating baule.

Another disadvantage of using throttled drafts Each of these refraotories is supported by the 110 refractories 6 on legs 11. One of these refractory sections is shown in Figl 3 in inverted position.

Each of the refractories 10 is substantially fiat on top with curved undersides and the structure is slightly raised by the legs 1l above the refractories 6 and is positioned in front of and in spaced relation to the deflecting surface 8 of the refractories 6. f

As will be understood the initial combustible mixture of atomized liquid fuel and air is projected by the tubes 3 carried by the rotating head 3 in a horizontally circular plane outwardly from the head. The upper plane of the atomized fuel just clears the top of the deflecting surface '7, a portion of the fuel striking the outer wall of the groove or gutter 9 which is slightly higher than the inner wall of this groove and flowing to the bottom of the groove, while the remainder of the fuel passes on to strike the curved underside of the baiile 10 and between the legs 11 thereof to the upwardly inclined deflecting surface 8 of the refractories 6. The lower plane of air passing into the combustion chamberv through the louvers 5 will strike the upwardly and outwardly inclined deflecting surface '7 of the refractories 6 to be deflected upwardly to strike the refractory bailie 10.

Combustion of a portion of the fuel takes place in the gutter 9 and the gases of this combustion rise to mix with the combustible mixture about the baille 10 and adjacent the deflecting surface 8. The baille 10 as will be apparent is so constructed and so disposed in the combustion chamber as to effect, in cooperation with the de flecting surface 8, an inward deflection of a portion of the gases of combustion to bring these practically inert gases into the path of the fuel mixture being projected outwardly from the head 3 to reduce the speed or rate of combustion desired.

It will be seen, therefore, from the foregoing that we have provided liquid fuel combustion apparatus in which the combustion chamber is so constructed and arranged as to eect introduction of the gases of combustion into the combustible fuel mixture being projected outwardly toward the rotating burner head, thereby eliminating the difficulties above enumerated in connection with prior attempts, by throttling the.

drafts on the boiler, to retain the combustion gases in the combustion chamber long enough flor them to be picked up by the rotating burner ead.

What we claim is:-

1. Combustion chamber construction for liquid fuel burners comprising in combination a plurality of arc-shaped refractories laid end to end to provide a circular structure, said refractories being provided on their inner faces with outer and inner outwardly and upwardly curved defleeting surfaces and with an intermediate groove or gutter, and a plurality of other arc-shaped refractories laid end to end supported by the first mentioned refractories in spaced relation thereto, the last mentioned refractories being curved on their underside and disposed adjacent to but spaced from the outer deflecting surface of the first mentioned refractories.

2. Liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising in combination a combustion chamber, a burner having a head rotatable in a horizontal plane and extending into said chamber through the bottom thereof for supplying a fuel and air mixture to the combustion chamber, means for introducing air into the combustion chamber adjacent they lower portion of the burner head, a refractory structure about the bottom and side wall of the combustion chamber, said structure being provided with an upwardly and outwardly curved defiecting surface in the path of the air introduced into the combustion chamber adjacent the lower portion of the burner head, and with an upwardly and outwardly curved deflecting surface above and outwardly of the combustion chamber with respect to the first-mentioned deflecting surface, and with an annular groove or gutter intermediate said deflecting surfaces, and refractories disposed in superimposed spaced relation to said last-mentioned deflecting surface, said refractories being provided on their underside with a curved surface cooperating with said deiiecting surfaces.

3. Liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising in combination a combustion chamber, a burner having a head rotatable in a horizontal plane and extending into said chamber for supplying a fuel and air mixture to the combustion chamber, said chamber being provided with an outwardly and upwardly extending annular face or surface in the path of the lower plane of the fuel thrown outwardly by said rotatable head, and with a cooperating outwardly and upwardly extending annular face or surface disposed outwardly of the first mentioned surface, and refractories curved on their underside disposed in superimposed spaced relation to the last mentioned surface.

4. Apparatus for use in the combustion chamber of liquid fuel burners, said apparatus comprising in combination a refractory ring or annulus adapted to lie adjacent the wall of the combustion chamber, the upper face of said refractory ring or annulus being depressed to provide a groove or gutter, the upper face of said ring outwardly of said gutter being provided with an upwardly and outwardly extending curved defleeting surface and inwardly of said groove with an outwardly and upwardly curved defiecting surface, a refractory annulus or ring supported by the first mentioned refractory in superimposed spaced relation thereto intermediate the gutter and the iirst mentioned deiiecting surface, the last mentioned refractory being curved on its underside and partially overlying said groove or gutter.

5. Apparatus for use in the combustion cham 'ber of liquid fuel burners, said apparatus comprising in combination a refractory ring or annulus adapted to lie adjacent the wall of the combustion chamber, the upper face of said refractory ring or annulus being depressed to provide a groove or gutter, the upper face of said ring or annulus outwardly of said gutter being provided with an upwardly and outwardly extending curved deflecting surface, and inwardly of said groove with an outwardly and upwardly curved deiiecting surface, the plane of the outer edge of the inner deflecting surface being below the inner edge of the outer defiecting surface, a refractory annulus or ring supported by the first mentioned annulus in superimposed spaced relation thereto intermediate the gutter and the first mentioned defiecting surface, the underside of the superimposed annulus or ring being convex and spaced above the first mentioned deflecting surface.

6. Liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising in combination a combustion chamber, a.l burner having a head rotatable in a horizontal plane extending into said chamber for supplying a fuel and air mixture to the combustion chamber, horizontal slinger tubes carried by said head and rotatable therewith, a refractory annulus surrounding said head and spaced outwardly therefrom, said annulus having outwardly and upwardly extending deecting surfaces spaced from each other by a groove or gutter in the refractory, the outer of said deflecting surfaces being above the plane of said tubes, and a refractory annulus mounted on and spaced above said first mentioned refractory annulus intermediate said deiiecting surfaces and outwardly of said groove or gutter, the underside of the last mentioned refractory annulus being convex.

7. Liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising in combination a combustion chamber, a burner having a head rotatable in a horizontal plane extending into said chamber for supplying a fuel and air mixture to the combustion chamber, said head comprising horizontally disposed slinger tubes carried thereby and rotatable therewith, means for introducing air into the combustion chamber below the plane of said tubes, a refractory annulus surrounding said head and spaced outwardly therefrom, said annulus having outwardly and upwardly extending deecting surfaces spaced from each other by a groove or gutter in the refractory, the outer ofA said defiecting surfaces being above the plane of said tubes, the inner of said deecting surfaces lying in the path of the air admitted to the combustion chamber below said tubes, and a refractory annulus mounted on and spaced above said first mentioned refractory annulus intermediate said defiecting surfaces and outwardly of said groove or gutter.

8. Liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising in combination a combustion chamber, a burner having a head rotatable in a horizontal plane extending into said chamber for supplying a fuel and air mixture to the combustion chamber, said head comprising horizontally disposed slinger tubes carried thereby and rotatable therewith, means for introducing air into the combustion chamber below the plane of said tubes, a refractory annulus surrounding said head and spaced outwardly therefrom, said annulus having outwardly and upwardly extending deflecting surfaces spaced from each other by a groove or gutter in the refractory, the outer of said deecting surfaces being above the plane of said tubes, the inner of said defiecting surfaces lying in the path of the air admitted to the combustion chamber below said tubes, and a refractory annulus mounted on and spaced above said rst mentioned refractory annulus intermediate said deflecting surfaces, the underside of said last mentioned refractory annulus being convex.

9. Liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising in combination a combustion chamber, a burner having a head rotatable in a horizontal plane extending into said chamber for supplying a fuel and air mixture to the combustion chamber, horizontal slinger tubes carried by 'said head and rotatable therewith, a refractory annulus surrounding said head and spaced outwardly therefrom, said annulus having outwardly and upwardly extending deflecting surfaces spaced from each other by a groove or gutter in the refractory, the outer of said deiiecting surfaces being above the plane of said tubes, and a refractory annulus'mounted on and spaced above said rst mentioned refractory annulus intermediate said deilecting surfaces and outwardly of said groove or gutter.

10. Liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising in combinati n a combustion chamber, a burner head rotatab e in a horizontal plane extending into said chamber through the bottom thereof for supplying a fuel and air mixture to the combustion chamber, means for introducing air into the combustion chamber adjacent the lower portion of the burner head, a hearth, refractories on the hearth providing, outwardly of the burner, an outwardly and upwardly extending defiecting surface in the path of the fuel and air mixture thrown off from the burner head to assist in effecting an inward deflection of gases of combustion into the path of the fuel and air mixture being thrown outwardly by the burner head, other refractories on the hearth providing another outwardly and upwardly extending deflecting surface intermediate the burner head and the first-mentioned deflecting surface, disposed below the level of the first-mentioned defiecting surface so as to be in the path of the air introduced into the combustion chamber adjacent the lower portion cf the burner head and to deflect the same into the path of the fuel and air mixture adjacent the periphery of the combustion chamber, an annular groove or gutter intermediate said deflecting surfaces, and refractories disposed in spaced relation to the first mentioned defiecting surface, and provided on their underside with a convex face overlying but spaced from the first mentioned deecting surface.

11. Combustion chamber construction for liquid fuel burners comprising in combination a hearth, a plurality of refractories laid end to end upon said hearth adjacent the periphery thereof, said refractories being provided on their upper faces with an outwardly and upwardly curved deflecting surface and with another outwardly and upwardly curved deecting surface disposed outwardly of the combustion chamber with respect to the first mentioned defiecting surface and with a groove or gutter intermediate said deflecting surfaces, and a plurality of other refractories laid end to end and supported by the rst mentioned refractories in spaced relation thereto, the last mentioned refractories being curved on their underside and disposed adjacent to but spaced from the outer of the said defiecting surfaces of the rst mentioned refractories.

WILLIAM P. SCHENCK. JOSEPH MAZZOLI. 

